Lottery is a form of gambling in which a prize or set of prizes is awarded to a random number of participants. Some lotteries are purely financial, with the proceeds being used to fund a particular public good, such as education; others may award tangible goods such as cars or houses, or services such as vacations. Critics of lotteries cite abuses including addictive gambling behavior and their alleged regressive impact on lower-income groups, as well as a lack of control over the distribution of prizes and profits.
The practice of determining property distribution by lot is ancient, with the Old Testament instructing Moses to take a census of the Israelites and divide their land by lottery, while Roman emperors regularly gave away slaves and other property through lottery-like arrangements. In colonial-era America, lottery games played a significant role in funding the early colonies. Currently, 37 states and the District of Columbia have state-run lotteries.
When state governments adopt lotteries, they typically legislate a legal monopoly and establish a state agency or public corporation to run the lottery (as opposed to licensing private firms in exchange for a share of profits). In most cases, these agencies begin operations with a modest number of relatively simple games; however, pressure from legislators and lottery players has caused them to progressively expand their product offerings and marketing efforts. A recent survey found that 50 percent of Americans purchase a lottery ticket at least once a year; the most frequent buyers are low-income, less educated, and nonwhite.